研究目的:通过比较分析短期与长期富氢水干预对女子足球运动员运动机能及氧化-抗氧化系统功能相关指标的影响,寻求提高青少年女足运动员运动能力、减少氧化应激损伤、改善运动性疲劳的有效途径,为促进运动员体能恢复和机能状态改善提供理论支持。

研究方法:选取苏州市体育运动学校青少年女子足球运动员24名,随机分成实验组和对照组,每组12人,实验期间,实验组运动员每日按需饮用富氢水1.5升,对照组运动员饮用与实验组运动员等量的矿泉水,两组运动员仍遵循正常的饮食、作息、训练及生活习惯,训练内容、训练强度及运动量保持一致。实验周期为一年,血样采集过程分四个时间点,分别是实验前基础值测定、实验四周、实验十周与实验一年。采集血液前运动员提前一天调整休息,于次日晨7点进行空腹血样采集用于运动机能指标(RBC、HGB、HCT、BUN、CK)与氧化-抗氧化系统功能指标(MDA、SOD、T-AOC)的研究。

研究结果:(1)与对照组相比,实验四周,实验组运动机能指标:RBC、HGB、HCT均高于对照组,但两组之间并无显著性差异,BUN显著低于对照组(P0.05);氧化-抗氧化指标:MDA显著低于对照组(P0.05)、T-AOC显著高于对照组(P0.05)。实验十周,实验组运动机能指标:RBC、HGB、HCT均高于对照组,且HGB组间具有显著性差异(P0.05),BUN、CK显著低于对照组(P0.05);氧化-抗氧化指标:MDA低于对照组,T-AOC高于对照组,且两指标组间具有极显著性差异(P0.01)。实验一年,实验组运动机能指标:RBC、HGB、HCT组间并无显著性差异,BUN与CK均低于对照组,且组间具有极显著性差异(P0.01);氧化-抗氧化指标:MDA低于对照组、T-AOC高于对照组,且两指标组间具有极显著性差异(P0.01)。(2)与基础值相比,实验四周后,对照组运动机能指标:RBC、HGB、HCT均下降,且具有显著性差异(P0.05),BUN上升、CK下降,均值并无显著性差异;氧化-抗氧化指标:MDA上升,SOD极显著下降(P0.01),T-AOC上升,MDA与T-AOC两指标组内并无显著性差异。与四周检测值比较,实验十周后,运动机能指标:RBC、HCT显著上升(P0.05),BUN、CK均呈上升趋势,数值无显著性差异;氧化-抗氧化指标:SOD下降,MDA与T-AOC均呈上升趋势,但数值并无显著性差异。与十周检测值比较,实验一年后,运动机能指标:RBC显著下降(P0.05),HGB、HCT无显著性差异,BUN持续上升,CK下降,指标并无显著性差异;氧化抗氧化指标:MDA下降,SOD上升,且两指标组内并无显著性差异,T-AOC显著上升(P0.05)。(3)与基础值相比,实验组富氢水干预四周,运动机能指标:RBC和HCT显著下降(P0.05),HGB极显著下降(P0.01),BUN上升,CK显著下降(P0.05);氧化-抗氧化指标:MDA显著下降(P0.05),SOD极显著下降(P0.01),T-AOC上升。与干预四周检测指标相比,实验组富氢水干预十周,运动机能指标:RBC、HGB、HCT均极显著上升(P0.01),BUN与CK下降,且BUN呈极显著性差异(P0.01);氧化-抗氧化指标:MDA与SOD下降,MDA呈显著性差异(P0.05)。T-AOC极显著上升(P0.01)。与干预十周检测指标相比,实验组富氢水干预一年,运动机能指标:RBC、HCT显著下降(P0.05),HGB极显著下降(P0.01),BUN与CK均显著下降(P0.05);氧化-抗氧化指标:MDA显著下降(P0.05),SOD上升,数值无显著性差异,T-AOC极显著上升(P0.01)。

研究结论:(1)短期与长期补充富氢水对少年女子足球运动员血液红细胞指标的影响并不显著。(2)短期与长期补充富氢水能够在一定程度上缓解运动疲劳,对改善运动员运动机能具有良好的促进作用。(3)短期与长期补充富氢水均能够抑制长时间大强度运动后自由基对机体的氧化应激损伤,增强总抗氧化能力,但是对提高抗氧化酶含量的作用并不明显,还需要未来进一步研究和探讨。

Hydrogen-rich water affects antioxidant activity and gut flora in soccer players - HHO България | HHO Bulgaria (hho-bulgaria.com)

Abstract

During training and competition, a lot of physical exertion inevitably leads to fatigue. A growing body of experimental evidence confirms the link between free radical production and scavenging, fatigue and physical damage. Recently, hydrogen has been identified as a new selective antioxidant with potentially beneficial applications in exercise. This study investigated the effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water for 2 months on the gut microbiota of Suzhou youth football players. Drinking hydrogen-rich water for two months significantly reduced serum malondialdehyde, interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha as demonstrated by ELISA and 16S rDNA sequence analysis of stool samples levels of serum superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and whole blood hemoglobin levels were then significantly increased. Furthermore, drinking hydrogen-rich water improved the diversity and abundance of the athlete’s gut microbiota. All study metrics in the control group, including Shannon, Sobs, Ace, and Chao indices, were higher than those suggested before the experiment due to hydrogen-rich water consumption, but these metrics were reversed and higher than those in the control group. Control after 2 months of intervention. Before the study, however, there were some differences in the gut microbiota composition of the two groups, while the gut microbiota composition did not change significantly during the experiment. Therefore, drinking hydrogen-enriched water for two months may exert a modulating effect on the gut microbiota of athletes based on its selective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Suzhou Sports School (approval number: SSS-EC150903).